Basic Commands

In this tutorial, we will introduce basic commands of the turtle graphics.

Move the turtle

forward(x) function move the turtle x steps forward. fd(x) is the short form of forward(x).

from easygraphics.turtle import *

def main():
    create_world(250,250)
    fd(100)
    pause()
    close_world()

easy_run(main)

backward(x) function move the turtle x steps backward. back(x) and bk(x) is the short form of backward(x).

from easygraphics.turtle import *

def main():
    create_world(400,400)
    bk(100)
    pause()
    close_world()

easy_run(main)

Turning the turtle

right_turn(x) turns the turtle x degrees clockwise. right(x) and rt(x) are its short form.

left_turn(x) turns the turtle x degrees counter-clockwise. left(x) and lt(x) are its short form

The following program draws a 30 degree angle.

from easygraphics.turtle import *

def main():
    create_world(400,400)
    fd(80)
    bk(80)
    rt(30)
    fd(80)
    pause()
    close_world()

easy_run(main)

Speed of the turtle

We can use set_speed() to control the turtle’s moving speed. Speed is the more the fast, and 1 is the slowest. If you don’t need the animation, use set_immediate(True) to disable it.

Pen Up and Pen Down

If you want to move the turtle without a trace, you can use pen_up and pen_down.

By default the turtle is in pen down state, which means its move will leave a trace.

If the turtle is in pen up state, its move will not leave a trace.

The following program use pen up and down to draw one square inside another.

from easygraphics.turtle import *

def main():
    create_world(400,400)

    # draw the inside rectangle
    for i in range(4):
        fd(100)
        lt(90)

    # use pen_up to move the turtle without a trace
    pen_up()
    rt(135)
    fd(70)
    lt(135)
    pen_down()

    # draw the outside rectangle
    for i in range(4):
        fd(200)
        lt(90)

    pause()
    close_world()

easy_run(main)

Show and Hide the Turtle

When the drawing is finished, we can hide() the turtle.

And show() makes the turtle visible again.

from easygraphics.turtle import *

def main():
    create_world(400,400)
    for i in range(4):
        fd(100)
        lt(90)

    hide()
    pause()
    close_world()

easy_run(main)